Fishing an ice cube

It is know as cryogenic decread to the decrease in the temperature of the freezing point which undergoes a dissolution with respect to that of the pure solvent.

It is observed that a higher Temperature object which is in contact with a lower temperature object will transfer heat to the lower temperature object. The objects will approach the same temperature , and in the absence of loss to other objects, they will then maintain a constant temperature. They are then said to be in thermal equilibrium.

Ice Pigging is a revolutionay method of clearing pipes that uses slush ice as an alternative to traditional pigging methods. An ice slurru is pumped into a pipe and forced along inside in order to remove sediment and other unwanted deposits to leave the pipe clean.

  We have pour some water in a glass and put an ice cube inside. While the ice cube is floating over the water surface, we have put a piece of thread on the ice cube carefully. Then we dropped a pinch of salt  over the thread and the ice cube. We just wait a few second, then we pulled the thread up, there it was, the ice cube had been amazingly hooked together with the thread.

Omar Yaghi: Water with solar light

 Omar Yaghi was the first to work in synthesis with the new crystalline matherials MOF and COF, gather many properties desired by the chemists, among them a great capacity to absorb other compounds, that are lodged withing their pores. having a big impact in sciencie and engineering , and it has potential applications of much interest as "the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2),And the water molecules present in the air to generate drinking water.                       

He has created new materials based on brick assemblies. This strategy has led to exponential growth in the creation of new materials with unprecedented diversity in chemistry. At this new pitch its called Reticular Chemistry. They are very resistant molecular blocks for extensive structures The MOFs (metal organic frameworks) and the COF (covalent organic frameworks) are like crystalline sponges on a molecular scale Materials in which the holes form an ordered net and have a size controllable to measure. They 

According to Yaghi, if a single gram of MOF were deployed in a single, atomic-scale, pore-free film, it would cover 60 tennis fields.COF are composed of organic materials, while MOF combines inorganic materials (meta oxides and organics). In this case, the metal oxides are the hooks – where the molecule that must be caught is chemically adhered – and the organic compounds are the ligands that hold them together forming the great porous structure.

If you want to know more about Omar Yaghi's research click in the video below!

Water in History

The Arabs contributed a lot in the technological advances of water, creating mechanisms to facilitate the transportation and collection of  water.

They created cisterns, aqueducts, water wheels and canals. The hydraulic mill that uses the force of water to move, started to be common in the Iberian Peninsula by the Arabs.

Also they made irrigation ditches to water orchards. The elevations of the land are used for the distribution and conduction of the water by means of gravity.

Terms linked with water by different cultures